Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group Report Essay

Reading log (summary+respond) Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Understanding log (summary+respond) - Article Example While calling pooed a visit as a â€Å"Jet Set†, the creator gives case of an American conversing with a man from Middle East, which subtleties the non-verbal communication and postural change of the two while every one withdraws now and again and steps forward different occasions, during such discussion. Davis feels that drawing in a translator won't take care of the issue, as the individual will be unable to interpret the non-verbal communication. The article connotes that equivalent discussion can convey distinctive significance when the two individuals occupied with same are from various societies, earth zones or sexual orientation. A case of deciphering the discussion would mean numerous Arabs getting a kick out of the chance to stay inside a breath’s good ways from one another as they target assembling close raptures. Be that as it may, Americans might want to keep up a space of in any event 18 inches while doing as such. Davis has appropriately highlighted the significance of deciphering the separation and space kept up by two individuals as they talk with one another. For instance, Arabs think that its helpful and result-situated on the off chance that they are at a â€Å"spitting distance† with their audience, as they can construct more grounded relations with one another as such. Then again, such motion would demonstrate repulsing for Americans, who may think it as an interruption into their privacy.(Gardner) Gardner.S, â€Å"New Directions: Reading, Writing and Critical Thinking†, goggle books, nd, web, 3 March 2015:

Ego as the Rational Part of Personality

Ego as the Rational Part of Personality Theories Personality Psychology Print Ego as the Rational Part of Personality By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 01, 2020 David Ryle / Stone / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology According to Sigmund Freud, the ego is part of personality that mediates the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. Freud described the id as the most basic part of personality that urges people to fulfill their most primal needs. The superego, on the other hand, is the moralistic part of personality that forms later in childhood as a result of upbringing and social influences. It is the egos job to strike a balance between these two often competing for forces and to make sure that fulfilling the needs of the id and superego conforms to the demands of reality.?? A Closer Look at the Ego The ego prevents us from acting on our basic urges (created by the id) but also works to achieve a balance with our moral and idealistic standards (created by the superego).?? While the ego operates in both the preconscious and conscious, its strong ties to the id means that it also operates in the unconscious. What Is the Unconscious? The ego operates based on the reality principle, which works to satisfy the ids desires in a manner that is realistic and socially appropriate.?? For example, if a person cuts you off in traffic, the ego prevents you from chasing down the car and physically attacking the offending driver. The ego allows us to see that this response would be socially unacceptable, but it also allows us to know that there are other more appropriate means of venting our frustration. Freuds Observations on the Ego In his 1933 book New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, Freud compared the relationship between the id and the ego to that of a horse and rider.?? The horse represents the id, a powerful force that offers the energy to propel forward motion. The rider represents the ego, the guiding force that directs the power of the id toward a goal. Freud noted, however, that this relationship did not always go as planned. In less ideal situations, a rider may find himself simply along for the ride as he allows his horse to go in the direction the animal wants to go. Just as a rider may not always be able to control a horse, the ids primal urges may sometimes be too powerful for the ego to keep in check. In her own 1936 book The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, Anna Freud that all of the egos defenses against the id were carried out behind the scenes.?? These measures against the id are known as the defense mechanisms, which are carried out silently and invisibly by the ego. While we cannot observe the defenses in action, Anna Freud suggested that they could be observed in retrospect. Repression is one example.?? When something is repressed from awareness, the ego is not aware that the information is missing. It is only later when it becomes obvious that some piece of information or memory is gone, that the actions of the ego become apparent. Quotations About the Ego Sometimes it helps to look at the original source of these ideas to get a better perspective on the topic. So what did Freud have to say about his concept of the ego? He wrote extensively about the ego as well as its relationship to other aspects of personality. Here are just a few of his more famous quotes about the ego: On the Egos Origins It is easy to see that the ego is that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. (Sigmund Freud, 1923, From  The Ego and the Id)?? On the Egos Influence The ego is not master in its own house. (Sigmund Freud, 1917, From  A Difficulty in the Path of Psycho-Analysis)?? The ego represents what we call reason and sanity, in contrast to the id which contains the passions. (Sigmund Freud, 1923, From  The Ego and the Id) The poor ego has a still harder time of it; it has to serve three harsh masters, and it has to do its best to reconcile the claims and demands of all three... The three tyrants are the external world, the superego, and the id. (Sigmund Freud, 1932, From  New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis)?? Towards the outside, at any rate, the ego seems to maintain clear and sharp lines of demarcation. There is only one stateâ€"admittedly an unusual state, but not one that can be stigmatized as pathologicalâ€"in which it does not do this. At the height of being in love the boundary between ego and object threatens to melt away. Against all the evidence of his senses, a man who is in love declares that I and you are one, and is prepared to behave as if it were a fact. (Sigmund Freud, 1929, From  Civilization and Its Discontents) Understanding Personality and Why It Matters

The Word Name and Its Significance in Arthur Millers The...

The Word Name and Its Significance in Arthur Millers The Crucible In the crucible Abigail Williams, Samuel Parris and John Proctor all mention the importance of their name. In this essay I am going to take each character in turn and point put parts in the play where they mention the importance of their name and explain it. Everyone in this world has some sort of name that they go by, whether it be their real name or a nickname. Most peoples names are placed under a category which is usually good or bad. Have you ever heard that phrase that name sounds familiar? Most people like their name to be remembered in a good way by being a hero or just by being good. John Proctor exemplifies the†¦show more content†¦He wanted to teach them that they should stand up for what they believe in and not give in to unjust courts or other examples in life. By dying he taught his children that not only he is not a sell out but he also taught them that he stood up for what he believed in. Proctors decision to die also solved his inner conflict with him self. This conflict is his affair with Abigail Williams, which really exasperated him. Because it speaks deceit and I am honest! Bit Ill plead no more! I see now your spirit twists around the single error of my life, and I will never tear it free!. This quote from John explains how he cannot tear his guilt away from himself, and that he feels very bad for making this single big error of his life. By choosing to die Proctor did not have to live with guilt of defying his wife and God. The most important reason John Proctor decided to die is that he would not blacken his name throughout the town. If John betrayed his friends by confessing their sins, a man of his nobility could not live through the guilt. Also John did not want to ruin his reputation as a man who stands up and would die for what he believes in. John Proctor knew the importance of a name and how it defines someone. If Proctor were named a sell out, then his whole family would be instinctively named as sellouts too. John Proctor was a man with strongShow MoreRelatedDepiction Of Guilt In Arthur Millers The Crucible723 Words   |  3 Pagesconfesses and renounces them finds mercy.† (Proverbs 28:13) By definition of the Merriam-Webster dictionary, crucible is a situation of severe trial, or in which different elements interact, leading to the creation of something new. In the play The Crucible, Arthur Miller writes about John Proctor and the trials him, his wife, and the rest of the town have to endure. There is a great significance to the title of the play from themes and events that take place. Things like the thought process of, â€Å"OneRead MoreTheme Of Honor In The Crucible1079 Words   |  5 PagesProctor. John Proctor’s name is an example of honor because he doesnt want his title to be disrespected by the community for admitting to witchcraft. Honor continues to become a factor back in the 17th century and even today. In the play, â€Å"The Crucible†, honor, and dishonor are represented multiple times throughout the play. First, Abigail Williams is an example of dishonor because she and the other girls were the cause of many deaths in their community. Arthur Miller used Abigails disrespectRead MoreCharacterization Of The Crucible757 Words   |  4 PagesShadman Raakin Ms. Brayer American Lit. 11 October 2017 Title In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses the characterization of Abigail Williams, Thomas Putnam, and Governor Danforth, to show how people protect themselves during times of hysteria, which helps to continue the chaos that broke throughout Salem. Miller shows the importance of maintaining values and principles in order help end the chaos. Miller connects The Crucible with the events of the witch hunts from the 1690s where citizens were accusedRead MoreTheme Of Reputation In The Crucible946 Words   |  4 PagesReputation in The Crucible In Arthur Millers The Crucible the theme of having a good reputation is crucial to the story and holds more significance in my opinion than any other present theme. Miller presents the importance of reputation to us through the direct statements of characters and also through the fact that a character may represent an idea that pertains to reputation. As an example one of the leading characters John Proctor makes it very clear throughout the play that his name or reputationRead MoreThe Crucible Essay1887 Words   |  8 PagesCRUCIBLE INTRODUCTIONARY NOTES The crucible by Arthur Miller, is a play that deals with conflicts involved in the Salem witch trials of 1692. The characters in Miller’s theocratic society are not only in conflict with their environment, but with each other and their religious authority. John Proctor sacrifices his life as he battles his individual conscience, guilt and the authority of the church. In his play, Miller shows that when an individual questions the dominant values of a societyRead MoreSummary Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1443 Words   |  6 PagesStephanie Provenzano 3rd Period 1. Title: The Crucible 2. Author and date of first publication: Arthur Miller, 1953 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. John Proctor, he is a farmer in his mid-thirties living in Salem, as a well respected man in society he sets an example to all of the other citizens; he is married to Elizabeth practice and has 3 sons. b. Abigail, she is a seventeen year old girl who lives with her uncle, Reverend Parris, because her parentsRead MoreComparing One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest and The Crucible Essay1916 Words   |  8 Pagespowerless, but with McMurphy’s help, learn to control their own lives. Many symbols are also used to represent power and control in the book, such as the ‘Combine’, ‘fog’, and the imagery of machines. Arthur Miller develops themes of power somewhat differently in his play The Crucible. Because The Crucible is a play, it can be expected that Miller will use dialogue and characterisation to show the reader power. Miller created Rev Parris, who believes that the church is the authority of all people inRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest and the Crucible Comparison Essay1964 Words   |  8 Pagespowerless, but with McMurphys help, learn to control their own lives. Many symbols are also used to represent power and control in the book, such as the ‘Combine, ‘fog, and the imagery of machines. Arthur Miller develops themes of power somewhat differently in his play The Crucible. Because The Crucible is a play, it can be expected that Miller will use dialogue and characterisation to show the reader power. Miller created Rev Parris, who believes that the church is the authority of all people inRead More Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay3348 Words   |  14 PagesArthur Millers The Crucible The Crucible was written in 1952 by the twentieth century American playwright Arthur Miller (1915-.) Miller was born in New York and educated at the University of Michigan where he began to write plays. Most of Millers plays are set in contemporary America and on the whole offer a realistic portrayal of life and society and the theme of self-realization is re-current e.g. John Proctor in The Crucible. The Crucible was the third play Miller wroteRead MoreAnna Mackmins Sheffield Theatres (2004) production of The Crucible2633 Words   |  11 PagesAnna Mackmins Sheffield Theatres (2004) production of The Crucible The first area to assess is the use of setting and scenery concerning this production of the play. The set of the play produces a very surreal and segregated atmosphere that appears to be very striking and unsettling for the audience. This was achieved in the opening scene primarily through the use of floorboards placed on a ploughed field, as Anna Mackmin, the Director stated We wanted a space that was

A Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II - 1039 Words

The disease I chose to write on research paper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The impact on the human physiology is by insufficient production of sugar (insulin) in the bloodstream which then over the time damages to other organs. According to Public Health Agency of Canada,†¦show more content†¦The common key facts are sedentary lifestyle, inactive, overweight. The simple things like gardening, walking, dancing, walking the stairs up and down or taking a dog on a walk. These are some very common but effective wa y to help lower the risk factor of diabetes. This risk factor applies to me as I am being little overweight and less active which may be a concern to the complications Uncontrollable Disease Risk Factors: The uncontrollable risk factors are age, race, ethnicity, and family history. The two identified uncontrolled risk factors are family history and race. The family history plays an important role in contributing the disease. It is a genetically that diabetes runs in my family and both my parents have it. Therefore, these non- modifiable risk factors apply to me too. My mother had diabetes when she was 45-years old and my dad was also diagnosed with diabetes at the same age. Therefore, it is possible that I can be a victim too. As said in my family my grandmother had a high blood glucose level and she had to take insulin injection every day, but on the other hand my grandfather never had it so it’s a vice versa. According to the Health Canada Agency, it is recommended that after the age of 40years, there should be a yearly checkup of it (PHAC,2016). In addition, studies show that it is most common seen in the children, were both parents are diagnosed with diabetes (Diabetes Comp lications,1995-2016). That being said I believe that I have to moreShow MoreRelatedA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1041 Words   |  5 Pagespaper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016)Read MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus And Type II Diabetes1023 Words   |  5 PagesMethodology Diabetes Mellitus is defined as â€Å"a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both† (MacGill, 2016). It is classified into three types. Gestational diabetes manifests in women during pregnancy. There is a high level of blood glucose and the body cannot produce enough insulin to process it. Type I diabetes is also called InsulinRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1133 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type II is a major issue worldwide; as well as, a major issue here in the United States. According to the CDC (2015), in the U.S., DM is the seventh leading cause of death. Type II DM is associated to obesity as well as genetic factors and age (Whalen, Finkel, Panavelil, 2015). There are many different treatment options for DM. This paper will discuss diabetes and its vast treatment options, including, what to monitor and potential adverse effectsRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Disease Affecting Multi Organ System1190 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes mellitus or DM is a disease affecting multi-organ systems due to the abnormal insulin production, improper insulin usage or even both. It is a very serious health problem throughout the world effecting thousands of people.A survey conducted in United States showed that almost 6.2% of the population suffers from this disease. It is a matter of great issue that almost one -third of the population is unaware of the dise ase. Incidence Diabetes is actually the fifth leading cause of deathsRead MoreExploring The Negative Effects Of Maternal Obesity1675 Words   |  7 Pagesnormal BMI. By using non probability convenience sampling, they selected a sample size of 220 gravid women: 110 obese women and 110 non-obese women. Their selection criteria included obese women with BMI with more than 29 kg/m square; gestational diabetes (glucose level of 8 mmol/l and 2 hour post glucose level 11mmol/l); and hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Their BMI was calculated as kg/m squared and grouped into obese (BMI29 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI 19.8-26 kg/m2). The data was analyzedRead MoreNeeds Artificial Insulin3758 Words   |  16 Pagespancreas digestive cells were gone (died and were absorbed by the immune system) and the only thing left was thousands of pancreatic islets. They then isolated the protein from these islets and behold, they discovered insulin. Note that there are other hormones produced by different types of cells within pancreatic islets (glucagon, somatostatin, etc) but insulin is produced in far greater amounts under normal conditions making the simple approach used by Banting and Best quite successful. Insulin is aRead MoreHLTEN513B Student Assessment Case Studies Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesfailure which are evident with Linda’s case? (1 marks each, 6 marks total/ 175 words) 3. Outline the nursing interventions that should be performed when Linda is found bending over the bedside table and provide appropriate rationales. Note any potential risks or complications related to these interventions if applicable. (1 mark each, 10 marks total/ 300 words) 4. 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Insulin, a hormone that is necessary for glucose to move from the blood to the inside of the cells. The body cannot use the insulin for energy if it cannot get into the cells. Diabetes occurs when the body has too much  blood glucose due to either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use the insulin produced. In type 2 diabetesRead MoreDiabetes Type II : Symptoms, Risk Factors, And Treatments3675 Words   |  15 PagesRunning Head: Diabetes Type II Diabetes Type II: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatments Introduction There are three types of diabetes: type 1diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. All three are chronic conditions that affect how the body uses blood glucose or blood sugar. The body needs glucose because it is an important source of energy for the cells that make up an individual s muscles and tissues Individuals with diabetes have too much glucose in their

The Vampire Diaries The Fury Chapter Two Free Essays

Stefan’s voice was quietly savage. â€Å"That’s what you wanted, wasn’t it, Damon? And now you’ve got it. You had to make her like us, like you. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now It wasn’t enough just to kill her.† Damon didn’t glance back at him. He was looking at Elena intently through those hooded eyes, still kneeling there holding her chin. â€Å"That’s the third time you’ve said that, and I’m getting a little tired of it,† he commented softly. Disheveled, still slightly out of breath, he was yet self-composed, in control. â€Å"Elena, did I kill you?† â€Å"Of course not,† Elena said, winding her fingers in those of his free hand. She was getting impatient. What were they talking about anyway? Nobody had been killed. â€Å"I never thought you were a liar,† Stefan said to Damon, the bitterness in his voice unchanged. â€Å"Just about everything else, but not that. I’ve never heard you try to cover up for yourself before.† â€Å"In another minute,† said Damon, â€Å"I’m going to lose my temper.† What more can you possibly do to me? Stefan returned. Killing me would be a mercy. â€Å"I ran out of mercy for you a century ago,† Damon said aloud. He let go, finally, of Elena’s chin. â€Å"What do you remember about today?† he asked her. Elena spoke tiredly, like a child reciting a hated lesson. â€Å"Today was the Founders’ Day celebration.† Flexing her fingers in his, she looked up at Damon. That was as far as she could get on her own, but it wasn’t enough. Nettled, she tried to remember something else. â€Å"There was someone in the cafeteria†¦ Caroline.† She offered the name to him, pleased. â€Å"She was going to read my diary in front of everyone, and that was bad because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena fumbled with the memory and lost it. â€Å"I don’t remember why. But we tricked her.† She smiled at him warmly, conspiratorially. â€Å"Oh, ‘we’ did, did we?† â€Å"Yes. You got it away from her. You did it for me.† The fingers of her free hand crept under his jacket, searching for the square-cornered hardness of the little book. â€Å"Because you love me,† she said, finding it and scratching at it lightly. â€Å"You do love me, don’t you?† There was a faint sound from the center of the clearing. Elena looked and saw that Stefan had turned his face away. â€Å"Elena. What happened next?† Damon’s voice called her back. â€Å"Next? Next Aunt Judith started arguing with me.† Elena pondered this a moment and at last shrugged. â€Å"Over†¦ something. I got angry. She’s not my mother. She can’t tell me what to do.† Damon’s voice was dry. â€Å"I don’t think that’s going to be a problem anymore. What next?† Damon’s voice was dry. â€Å"I don’t think that’s going to be a problem anymore. What next?† â€Å"And where did you go in Matt’s car?† â€Å"To Wickery Bridge,† Stefan said, turning back toward them. His eyes were desolate. â€Å"No, to the boardinghouse,† Elena corrected, irritated. â€Å"To wait for†¦ mm†¦ I forget. Anyway, I waited there. Then†¦ then the storm started. Wind, rain, all that. I didn’t like it. I got in the car. But something came after me.† â€Å"Someone came after you,† said Stefan, looking at Damon. â€Å"Some thing,† Elena insisted. She had had enough of his interruptions. â€Å"Let’s go away somewhere, just us,† she said to Damon, kneeling up so that her face was close to his. â€Å"In a minute,† he said. â€Å"What kind of thing came after you?† She settled back, exasperated. â€Å"I don’t know what kind of thing! It was like nothing I’ve ever seen. Not like you and Stefan. It was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Images rippled through her mind. Mist flowing along the ground. The wind shrieking. A shape, white, enormous, looking as if it were made out of mist itself. Gaining on her like a wind-driven cloud. â€Å"Maybe it was just part of the storm,† she said. â€Å"But I thought it wanted to hurt me. I got away though.† Fiddling with the zipper to Damon’s leather jacket, she smiled secretly and looked up at him through her lashes. For the first time, Damon’s face showed emotion. His lips twisted in a grimace. â€Å"You got away.† â€Å"Yes. I remembered what†¦ someone†¦ told me about running water. Evil things can’t cross it. So I drove toward Drowning Creek, toward the bridge. And then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She hesitated, frowning, trying to find a solid memory in the new confusion. Water. She remembered water. And someone screaming. But nothing else. â€Å"And then I crossed it,† she concluded finally, brightly. â€Å"I must have, because here I am. And that’s all. Can we go now?† Damon didn’t answer her. â€Å"The car’s still in the river,† said Stefan. He and Damon were looking at each other like two adults having a discussion over the head of an uncomprehending child, their hostilities suspended for the moment. Elena felt a surge of annoyance. She opened her mouth, but Stefan was continuing. â€Å"Bonnie and Meredith and I found it. I went underwater and got her, but by then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By then, what? Elena frowned. Damon’s lips were curved mockingly. â€Å"And you gave up on her? You, of all people, should have suspected what might happen. Or was the idea so repugnant to you that you couldn’t even consider it? Would you rather she were really dead?† people, should have suspected what might happen. Or was the idea so repugnant to you that you couldn’t even consider it? Would you rather she were really dead?† Elena opened her mouth again, but Damon laid two fingers on it to keep her quiet. He said smoothly, â€Å"And that’s the problem now-or are you too blind to see that, too? You told me to look at her; look at her yourself. She’s in shock, irrational. Oh, yes, even I admit that.† He paused for a blinding smile before going on. â€Å"It’s more than just the normal confusion after changing. She’ll need blood, human blood, or her body won’t have the strength to finish the change. She’ll die.† What do you mean irrational? Elena thought indignantly. â€Å"I’m fine,† she said around Damon’s fingers. â€Å"I’m tired, that’s all. I was going to sleep when I heard you two fighting, and I came to help you. And then you wouldn’t even let me kill him,† she finished, disgusted. â€Å"Yes, why didn’t you?† said Stefan. He was staring at Damon as if he could bore holes through him with his eyes. Any trace of cooperation on his part was gone. â€Å"It would have been the easiest thing to do.† Damon stared back at him, suddenly furious, his own animosity flooding up to meet Stefan’s. He was breathing quickly and lightly. â€Å"Maybe I don’t like things easy,† he hissed. Then he seemed to regain control of himself once more. His lips curled in mockery, and he added, â€Å"Put it this way, dear brother: if anyone’s going to have the satisfaction of killing you, it will be me. No one else. I plan to take care of the job personally. And it’s something I’m very good at; I promise you.† â€Å"You’ve shown us that,† Stefan said quietly, as if each word sickened him. â€Å"But this one,† Damon said, turning to Elena with glittering eyes, â€Å"I didn’t kill. Why should I? I could have changed her any time I liked.† â€Å"Maybe because she had just gotten engaged to marry someone else.† Damon lifted Elena’s hand, still twined with his. On the third finger a gold ring glittered, set with one deep blue stone. Elena frowned at it, vaguely remembering having seen it before. Then she shrugged and leaned against Damon wearily. â€Å"Well, now,† Damon said, looking down at her, â€Å"that doesn’t seem to be much of a problem, does it? I think she may have been glad to forget you.† He looked up at Stefan with an unpleasant smile. â€Å"But we’ll find out once she’s herself again. We can ask her then which of us she chooses. Agreed?† Stefan shook his head. â€Å"How can you even suggest that? After what happened†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His voice trailed off. â€Å"With Katherine? I can say it, if you can’t. Katherine made a foolish choice, and she paid the price for it. Elena is different; she knows her own mind. But it doesn’t matter if you agree,† he added, overriding Stefan’s new protests. â€Å"The fact is that she’s weak now, and she needs blood. I’m going to see that she gets it, and then I’m going to find who did this to her. You can come or not. Suit yourself.† He stood, drawing Elena up with him. Let’s go. She recognized the place where they left the wood. She had been there earlier today. Now, however, there was some sort of frenzied activity going on: red and blue lights flashing on cars, spotlights framing the dark huddled shapes of people. Elena looked at them curiously. Several were familiar. That woman, for instance, with the thin harrowed face and the anxious eyes-Aunt Judith? And the tall man beside her-Aunt Judith’s fianc.., Robert? There should be someone else with them, Elena thought. A child with hair as pale as Elena’s own. But try as she might, she could not conjure up a name. The two girls with their arms around each other, standing in a circle of officials, those two she remembered though. The little red-haired one who was crying was Bonnie. The taller one with the sweep of dark hair, Meredith. â€Å"But she’s not in the water,† Bonnie was saying to a man in a uniform. Her voice trembled on the edge of hysteria. â€Å"We saw Stefan get her out. I’ve told you and told you.† â€Å"And you left him here with her?† â€Å"We had to. The storm was getting worse, and there was something coming-† â€Å"Never mind that,† Meredith broke in. She sounded only slightly calmer than Bonnie. â€Å"Stefan said that if he-had to leave her, he’d leave her lying under the willow trees.† â€Å"And just where is Stefan now?† another uniformed man asked. â€Å"We don’t know. We went back to get help. He probably followed us. But as for what happened to-to Elena†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bonnie turned back and buried her face in Meredith’s shoulder. They’re upset about me, Elena realized. How silly of them. I can clear that up, anyway. She started forward into the light, but Damon pulled her back. She looked at him, wounded. â€Å"Not like that. Pick the ones you want, and we’ll draw them out,† he said. â€Å"Want for what?† â€Å"For feeding, Elena. You’re a hunter now. Those are your prey.† Elena pushed her tongue against a canine tooth doubtfully. Nothing out there looked like food to her. Still, because Damon said so, she was inclined to give him the benefit of the doubt. â€Å"Whichever you think,† she said obligingly. Damon tilted his head back, eyes narrowed, scanning the scene like an expert evaluating a famous painting. â€Å"Well, how about a couple of nice paramedics?† Damon tilted his head back, eyes narrowed, scanning the scene like an expert evaluating a famous painting. â€Å"Well, how about a couple of nice paramedics?† Damon barely glanced over his shoulder at Stefan. â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"Because there’ve been enough attacks. She may need human blood, but she doesn’t have to hunt for it.† Stefan’s face was shut and hostile, but there was an air of grim determination about him. â€Å"There’s another way?† Damon asked ironically. â€Å"You know there is. Find someone who’s willing-or who can be influenced to be willing. Someone who would do it for Elena and who is strong enough to deal with this, mentally.† â€Å"And I suppose you know where we can find such a paragon of virtue?† â€Å"Bring her to the school. I’ll meet you there,† Stefan said, and disappeared. They left the activity still bustling, lights flashing, people milling. As they went, Elena noticed a strange thing. In the middle of the river, illuminated by the spotlights, was an automobile. It was completely submerged except for the front fender, which stuck out of the water. What a stupid place to park a car, she thought, and followed Damon back into the woods. Stefan was beginning to feel again. It hurt. He’d thought he was through with hurting, through with feeling anything. When he’d pulled Elena’s lifeless body out of the dark water, he’d thought that nothing could ever hurt again because nothing could match that moment. He’d been wrong. He stopped and stood with his good hand braced against a tree, head down, breathing deeply. When the red mists cleared and he could see again, he went on, but the burning ache in his chest continued undiminished. Stop thinking about her, he told himself, knowing that it was useless. But she wasn’t truly dead. Didn’t that count for something? He’d thought he would never hear her voice again, never feel her touch†¦ And now, when she touched him, she wanted to kill him. He stopped again, doubling over, afraid he was going to be sick. Seeing her like this was worse torture than seeing her lying cold and dead. Maybe that was why Damon had let him live. Maybe this was Damon’s revenge. And maybe Stefan should just do what he’d planned to do after killing Damon. Wait until dawn and take off the silver ring that protected him from sunlight. Stand bathing in the fiery embrace of those rays until they burned the flesh from his bones and stopped the pain once and for all. Stefan detoured toward the boardinghouse. He needed to clean up before he could let humans see him. In his room, he washed the blood from his face and neck and examined his arm. The healing process had already begun, and with concentration he could accelerate it still further. He was burning up his Powers fast; the fight with his brother had already weakened him. But this was important. Not because of the pain-he scarcely noticed that-but because he needed to be fit. Damon and Elena were waiting outside the school. He could feel his brother’s impatience and Elena’s wild new presence there in the dark. â€Å"This had better work,† Damon said. Stefan said nothing. The school auditorium was another center of commotion. People ought to have been enjoying the Founders’ Day dance; in fact, those who had remained through the storm were pacing around or gathered in small groups talking. Stefan looked in the open door, searching with his mind for one particular presence. He found it. A blond head was bent over a table in the corner. Matt. Matt straightened and looked around, puzzled. Stefan willed him to come outside. You need some fresh air, he thought, insinuating the suggestion into Matt’s subconscious. You feel like just stepping out for a moment. To Damon, standing invisible just beyond the light, he said, Take her into the school, to the photography room. She knows where it is. Don’t show yourselves until I say. Then he backed away and waited for Matt to appear. Matt came out, his drawn face turned up to the moonless sky. He started violently when Stefan spoke to him. â€Å"Stefan! You’re here!† Desperation, hope, and horror struggled for dominance on his face. He hurried over to Stefan. â€Å"Did they-bring her back yet? Is there any news?† â€Å"What have you heard?† Matt stared at him a moment before answering. â€Å"Bonnie and Meredith came in saying that Elena had gone off of Wickery Bridge in my car. They said that she†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He paused and swallowed. â€Å"Stefan, it’s not true, is it?† His eyes were pleading. Stefan looked away. â€Å"Oh, God,† Matt said hoarsely. He turned his back on Stefan, pressing the heels of his hands into his eyes. â€Å"I don’t believe it; I don’t. It can’t be true.† â€Å"Matt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He touched the other boy’s shoulder. â€Å"I’m sorry.† Matt’s voice was rough and ragged. â€Å"You must be going through hell, and here I am making it worse.† His only other option was to tell Matt the truth. Let Matt make his own choice, knowing everything. â€Å"If there were something you could do for Elena right now,† he said, â€Å"would you do it?† Matt was too lost in emotion to ask what kind of idiotic question that was. â€Å"Anything,† he said almost angrily, rubbing a sleeve over his eyes. â€Å"I’d do anything for her.† He looked at Stefan with something like defiance, his breathing shaky. Congratulations’, Stefan thought, feeling the sudden yawning pit in his stomach. You’ve just won yourself a trip to the Twilight Zone. â€Å"Come with me,† he said. â€Å"I’ve got something to show you.† How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Two, Essay examples

Planned Parenthood - Argumentative Essay free essay sample

Recently, the federal government Is trying to pass the Pence Amendment, which would eliminate funding to these Institutions. The federal government needs to realize how important Planned Parenthood Clinics are too numerous individuals and the struggles that such people will face if the organization is demolished due to extreme lack of funding. Without these clinics, many individuals will be left stranded, and most likely, susceptible to declined health, due to the loss of early screenings and treatments that will no longer be available to them at a rate they can manage financially.Planned Parenthood is a predominantly government funded establishment that revised free or heavily discounted medical education, prescriptions, and procedures in regards to sexual diseases and pregnancies to all who inquire. If the organization is not funded, it is taken from predominately low socioeconomic households and minors. As stated in Teases article, 75 percent of people who use Planned Parenthoods services are at or below the poverty level (5), and the few with money are using the government funded crowded establishment Planned Parenthood. We will write a custom essay sample on Planned Parenthood Argumentative Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is one of the reasons that cuts would be so devastating. As reported by National Right to Life News, legislators were three times more responsible to high-income constituents than middle-income constituents and were the least responsive to the needs of low-income constituents (favorite 5). This is another case where it will be the poor that will endure the hardship. It Is much easier to cancel a free service when those without money, ergo power, are the mall people who will suffer.In addition to taking away the availability of health provisions, this amendment will be taking away millions of jobs nationwide. Within each of these clinics are ultimate employees ranging from customer service attendants to doctors. There are more than 880 health centers nationwide and several administrative offices across the country (Planned Parenthood 2). Are not we supposed to be focusing on making jobs available within our nation? Taking away countless Jobs will damage this nation Instead of benefit It. It will cause more suffering, which Is what Planned Parenthood is trying to eliminate.The eliminating of funds to clinics will cause many to go without preventative care such as contraception. If people no longer have access to rite control, the population rate will continue to rise. When the government takes away funding, and therefore, birth control, unplanned births will happen and with that additional fees that the government will have to cough up. Sure, you save money up front when defending Planned Parenthood but In the long run you are causing a every $1 spent on family planning saves $4. It is fiscally responsible (1).With unwanted pregnancies, come unwanted children or children for whom we are not prepared for which go into foster care as well as becoming wards of the state which s directly paid for by the government or families dependent on other government subsidies. Overall, the government will be creating a bigger problem instead of embracing the benefits Planned Parenthood clinics provide to individuals everywhere. Although Planned Parenthood is mostly associated with abortion services that is not what they promote or advertise. For years, they have been all about educating the youth on the risks of participating in sexual activities as well as providing many different kinds of preventative care. Education is extremely important and valued in this country. Taking away funding to an institution that promotes and instills protection and planning is not going to help our youth become well and more aware individuals. It is the educational materials such as pamphlets, magazines, and medical Journals, as well as the educated staff that the clinics provide, in which are exceedingly important in keeping our citizens safe.When funding goes away, those important services and amenities go away but the actual sexual activities do not. This leaves us in a much more risky environment with fewer resources. In addition to the clinics providing education they go further and provide unseeing for all aspects of topics. An individual can rest assured knowing there is always someone they can talk to and confide in when they dont know where else to turn. Also, the counselors provide a release for those individuals that have suffered abuse and need assistance.With all these valuable services, it is not clear why our government would do anything to hinder this organization when it is obviously helping so many people every day. It makes you wonder what could be of greater importance than all of this that would lead supporters to banning this great organization. Supporters of the bill that would banish funding for Planned Parenthood are guided by their beliefs that the organization generates activities of sin and creates sinners.They are motivated by their religious views that abortion is an unforgivable sin and those that partake in or make abortions accessible are sinners. They are attacking Planned Parenthood because it is the main provider of abortions every year. According to B. A. Robinson, there has been over $13 million in damage caused by violent anti-abortion groups since 1982, in over 1 50 arson attacks, bombings, and hooting (4). While they are correct in this fact, they are not taking in all that Planned Parenthood is.While they focus on the abortion services the clinics provide, they ignore the many incredible things they offer aside from abortions. They dont realize that by taking away Planned Parenthoods funding, they are also taking away the preventative measures they provide in order to try and eliminate the need for abortions. The benefits of Planned Parenthood deserve the federal funding that is given to them. The amount of lives that are positively affected not only outweighs the uncial drain of the organization, but should be what federal money goes towards if it goes towards anything that helps people.

A Review of Brave New World Essay Example

A Review of Brave New World Essay Example A Review of Brave New World Essay A Review of Brave New World Essay Essay Topic: Brave New World A life truly lived What is a life truly lived? Can one be happy all the time? To truly experience all that life has to offer, one must be able to compare the good and the bad. To know what happiness is, one must know sadness and to appreciate the highs, one must overcome the lows. In Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, we can see that a life without both good and bad experiences is a flat line and does not complete a person. Bernard was not happy though he was a member of Brave New World, Helmholtz was incomplete though seemingly happy and actually chose a ‘less-than-ideal’ life while Linda thought she was happy, but when she tried to apply her lifestyle in a new environment, she was unsuccessful and eventually died of overdosing on the one thing she felt was making her happy. Bernard is an excellent example of the flaws in Brave New World’s philosophy. Brave New World prides itself on happiness, â€Å"Our civilization has chosen machinery and medicine and happiness. (Huxley, p 234) Though he is part of Brave New World, Bernard does not feel happy because of his height. â€Å"’He’s so ugly! ’ said Fanny. [†¦] ‘And then so small. ’ Fanny made a grimace; smallness was so horribly and typically low-caste. † (46) So we know Bernard was short but why should this make him unhappy? Is there not more to life than being tall and ‘perfectâ₠¬â„¢? â€Å"’He does look glum,’ said the Assistant Predestinator, pointing at Bernard Marx. † (53) Bernard feels inadequate and therefore feels sad and unfulfilled. He feels like he is not truly living so he rebels against his own society in different ways like, â€Å"[†¦] to say ‘No, thank you,’ and fend off the proffered tube of [soma] tablets. † (54) Eventually, Bernard becomes popular and feels happy however this is a superficial happiness that does not last very long. â€Å"In the end Bernard had to slink back, diminished, to his rooms and inform the impatient assembly that the Savage would not be appearing that evening. The news was received with indignation. The men were furious at having been tricked into behaving politely to this insignificant fellow with unsavory reputation and heretical opinions. † (173). This is, however, a different emotional time for Bernard so he is able to see another side of life and appreciate different circumstances for what they were. Life cannot be lived in a constant state of one emotion because then we would not know what other emotions feel like at all. Bernard could not truly live and experience life until he knew what both happiness and sadness were. To truly live life, we must appreciate it and to appreciate it, we must experience all of it. Helmholtz is another example of a life that has not been truly lived. Helmholtz, by every right should be exceedingly happy because he has everything going for him; he has good looks, he has great intelligence, he is very popular and he is, â€Å"[†¦] every centimeter an Alpha-Plus. † (67) However Helmholtz does not feel fulfilled even though he is happy. Helmholtz feels incomplete and even asks Bernard, â€Å"’did you ever feel, [†¦] as though you had something inside you that was only waiting for you to give it a chance to come out? Some sort of extra power that you aren’t using – you know, like all the water that goes down the falls instead of through the turbines? ’† (69) He feels like there is something more to life; something more than just being good at everything or being happy all the time. When it was decided that Helmholtz could no longer be part of Brave New World, he CHOOSES to go to a dismal place where, â€Å"[he] should like a thoroughly bad climate. † (229) Helmholtz understands that life is not all about perfection and asks for imperfection. He asks for hardships to fulfill his life. Helmholtz is a perfect example of a perfect life not being a life truly lived. One needs to know both the good and the bad to feel complete. Linda is yet another example of how a ‘perfect’ world view really is not perfect at all. Linda grew up in Brave New World and when she was left behind during her visit to the savage reservation, she did not know any other way of life so she tried to maintain her lifestyle. She believed, â€Å"the way they have one another here. Mad, I tell you, absolutely mad. Everybody belongs to every one else – don’t they? Don’t they? † This lifestyle did not make Linda happy at all. She was not living her life the right way and by extension was not living life at all because she only thought she was happy. Her lifestyle did not fit in with the culture in which she found herself and this made her unhappy since, â€Å"’nobody’s supposed to belong to more than one person. And if you have people in the ordinary way, the others think you’re wicked and anti-social. They hate and despise you [†¦]† (121). She also tried o continue in her consumerism mentality but this made her angry because, â€Å"it never used to be right to mend clothes. [†¦] Mending’s anti-social. But it’s all different here. It’s like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad. † (121) Linda tried to keep her ‘happy’ lifestyle but realized she was not really happy and then felt li ke life had left her no reason to live. She turned to mescal when she did not have the option of soma and when she finally did get back to her own world, she killed herself by overdosing on a happiness substitute while trying to escape her unhappiness. All Linda wanted was, â€Å"the return to soma, was the possibility of lying in bed taking holiday after holiday, without ever having to come back to a headache or fit of vomiting [†¦]† (154). Linda â€Å"took as much as twenty grammes a day [,] [†¦] [w]hich will finish her off in a month or two. † (154) Linda did not truly live her life and therefore felt like ending it was fine. You cannot live your life in one constant state of happiness or unhappiness and those who do, cannot cope with any changes. A life truly lived, is a life fully experienced. A life truly lived requires one to appreciate all the facets of life, love, happiness, sadness and all emotions, experiences and circumstances one could possibly know. Bernard, Linda and Helmholtz were all supposed to be happy but through their life experiences, found out they were not truly complete. Life needs excitement and excitement includes something changing; something different. We must all experience every emotion to appreciate all of life and all it has to offer. To truly live, we must experience and appreciate all that we can.

Improving your hiring process, according to a former Google recruiter

Improving your hiring process, according to a former Google recruiter For years, Google has been considered kind of a gold standard in the tech recruiting and hiring field. It’s not just the lavish cafeteria or the geek-utopia vibe that has made the company such a giant and lasting success- much of the credit goes to smart hiring strategies and implementing an adaptive approach. If you’re looking to make your organization more Google-esque in your hiring (regardless of what field you’re in), former Google recruiter Kevin Grice has some fantastic insight into what you can do on a practical level.â€Å"Recognize your unconscious biases.†Most organizations have come in line with non-discriminatory policies that seek to eliminate blatant bias in hiring. But no matter how strict those policies are, or how conscious we are of hiring a qualified person without regard for their personal gender, religion, or race, unconscious bias will likely always come into play. For example, studies have found that people with identifiably ethnic names receive fewer interviews. And while unconscious bias means (by its very nature) that we don’t know exactly why we’re rejecting a person, it’s important to be aware that it exists and to evaluate whether it could be at play in any given step of the process.According to Grice, using systematic, consistent interviews is one way to limit bias. After all, if every candidate is answering the same questions at the same point in the process, it’s less likely that you’re asking a particular question because you have made an assumption about the interviewee. It also makes your job easier when it comes to evaluate and differentiate each candidate.â€Å"Don’t look for your doppelganger.†Speaking of bias, according to Grice, people tend to be drawn toward others who remind them of themselves, and organizations want to bring in people who fit in with a particular vibe. It’s basic human nature, which means it will inevitably come into play during the hiring process. And unfortunately, a philosophy of I like you because you remind me of myself leads to less diversity in your talent pool. With increased diversity a non-negotiable goal for so many organizations, specifically looking for people with different backgrounds or experiences is a way to increase that diversity throughout the hiring process.â€Å"Research the person you’re interviewing.†Just about every candidate who comes through your door for an interview will have spent time prepping for it: researching your company, reading up on the job description, tailoring their resume to the job. It’s not only common courtesy to do some prep work yourself, but also, according to Grice, an opportunity to show off your well-oiled organizational brand to your potential new hire.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});That means not only researching the candidate so that you can ask substantive questions, but also ensuring that everyone on your interview panel is well-versed on the candidate as well. Grice recommends â€Å"digging a little deeper,† going beyond the standard checks of public social media profiles. A person’s past writing online, videos, etc., can help give you a fuller sense of the candidate- much more than a cursory read of their resume 10 minutes before the interview.â€Å"Be present.†Grice recommends giving all of your attention to an interview. We live in a multitasking world, but stepping away from email for an hour and focusing attention on a candidate not only ensures that you’re getting the most out of this conversation with a potential new hire, but that you’re also being a good ambassador for your o rganization. â€Å"I’m sorry, I really need to take this† or â€Å"I’m just finishing this email really quick† is rarely a mortal insult to an interviewee, but it does convey a message of, â€Å"this is not my top priority right now, sorry.†Whether your organization is a media conglomerate or a small business, Grice’s experience and insights show that all it takes to improve your hiring and interviewing skills are a few mindful, common-sense tweaks that can make all the difference.

The Performance of the U.S. Economy Today Essay

The Performance of the U.S. Economy Today - Essay Example The main reason for the slow economic growth of the economy is lack of responsibility and initiatives taken by the government in reducing the expenditure. While considering the GDP rate of the country it is experienced that the overall economy should be rated as B grade. The rate of GDP decreased during the first quarter, it decreased to 0.2 and then it recovered in the second and the third quarter. The decrease in the oil prices facilitated the people to spend more which mainly accounts for two third of the gross domestic product. The government took initiatives in raising the GDP of the economy by reducing the total government spending which includes local, state and federal expenditure. The spending decreased from 39% to 35%.The decline in government spending led to the increase in GDP. The main reason behind grading the economy as B is that the economy is not performing effectively and efficiently, the corporations and the owners of the company or the businessman have become greedy, cautious and myopic. The investors instead of holding the cash for future they are engaged in hoarding the cash and utilizing the cash for short term profitability (Collins, 2015). The export and import function of the economy did not prosper. After the recovery of the financial crisis it is observed that the changes in case of both export and import are comparatively less. This resulted in the increase of trade deficit. The FED justified and explained that the labor and the market condition of the economy are improving as compared to the previous years. Although the number of investors increased during the period of recession but the amount of investment by the investors are decreasing with the due course of time. Therefore the level of investment failed to contribute towards the growth of the economy. The consumer spending is mainly measured in

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 28

Writer's choice - Essay Example On the other hand, if oil prices dropped and the stock prices were on the rise, then the IMF assumed an increment in oil supply. These two forces explained the plunge of oil prices (Zumbruni, Para 1-4). The results indicated that during the first phase the oil price drop was attributed by weak global demand. For instance, crude oil declined from$ 105 to around $ 82. However, in the second phase, the oil prices for the crude oil dropped further to $ 50 and IMF suggests that a decrease in the oil price was due to increased demand. The estimates reveal that supply outdid the demand during this phase (Zumbruni, Para 1-4). The explanation aligns with the class materials effectively as it explains the effect of reduced demand and increased supply on prices. Accordingly, a decrease exerts a downward pressure in the short-run. Apparently, increased supply allows a surplus of the commodity in the market, therefore, exerting a downward pressure on the price levels. These aspects are reflected in chapter four that focused on demand and supply within the oil markets. The above information may be illustrated as follows; Zumbruni, Josh. Supply of Demand? The IMFBreaks Down the Collapse of Oil Price. Wall Street Journal. Real Time Economics. April 14, 2015. Retrieved from

Artificial Neural Networks :: Essays Papers

Artificial Neural Networks Artificial neural networks are systems implemented on computer systems as specialized hardware or sophisticated software that loosely model the learning and remembering functions of the human brain. They are an attempt to simulate the multiple layers of processing elements in the brain, called neurons. These elements are implemented in such a way so that the layers can learn from prior experience and remember their outputs. In this way, the system can learn to recognize certain patterns and situations and apply these to certain priorities and output appropriate results. These types of neural networks can be used in many important situations such as priority in an emergency room, for financial assistance, and any type of pattern recognition such as handwritten or text-to-speech recognition. The most basic elements of a neural network, the artificial neurons, are modeled after the neurons of the brain. The "real" neuron is composed of four parts: the dendrites, soma, axon, and the synapse. The dendrites receive input from other neuron's synapses, the soma processes the information received, the axon carries the action potential which fires the neuron when a threshold is breached, and the synapse is where the neuron sends its output, which are in the form of neurotransmitters, to the dendrites of other neurons. Each neuron in the human brain can connect with up to 200,000 other neurons. The power and processing of the human brain comes from multitude of these basic components and the many thousands of connections between them. The artificial neurons simulate the four basic functions of the "real" neuron. The artificial neuron is much simpler than the neuron of the brain. It takes inputs just as the "real" neuron but also multiplies these inputs by a weight value. Then they are sent to a processing unit which does what it needs to do to the value and then sends this value to the output path. In the simplest case the products of these values are simply summed and then put through a transfer process and output. This is the basic building block of all artificial neural networks, although there are many different implementations of this simple block and fundamental differences which allow for different artificial networks to be built. The major concerns of the developer is the design of the neural network system.

Organisational structures Essay

An organisation can be defined as a group of people who work over a period of time together to achieve a common goal or objective. An organisational structure can be classified into a number of different types, examples are listed below: * Tall, flat, hierarchal * Line structures * Line and staff structures * Centralised and decentralised structures * Matrix structures Mars Confectionery in Slough comprises two factories and an office, all of which are situated in Slough Trading Estate. Their factories operate around the clock, 24 hours a day. The two main types of chart are a flat organisational chart and a tall organisational chart. A flat organisational chart is used when a company have very little hierarchy; there are few levels of authority and more departments. A tall organisational chart shows the hierarchical structure of the organisation, the different levels of authority. 2.4a Flat Organisational Charts- A flat organisational chart is when an organisation has very little hierarchy, there are few levels of authority. Mars have a tall organisational structure and also a tall hierarchal structure. The managing Director is at the top and below are seven departments. Each department is made up of a team. Flat Tall The advantages of an organisational chart is that is shows the position of your company at a particular time- needs reviewing. It can show anomalies and efficiency- shows faults in fundamental structure. It also shows new employees and shows a broad outline of the company and where they fit in. It is also essential for the day to day planning. The disadvantages are that it shows formal organisation- not personalities (people mould job). And it may lead to disputes if not applied rigidly. It also shows that companies status at only one point in time (when the chart is being drawn). After it has been drawn a new employee may start up at the organisation and then the old chart would need to be upgraded. This type of structure provides possibilities for promotion for any staff. Mars use â€Å"critical thinking† this is where managers are looking to promote someone with initiative, who can handle difficult situations and make the right decisions quickly. An organisational chart is a diagrammatic presentation of the structure of an organisation, showing the department within that organisation e.g. Finance, R&D, Administration, Personnel, Marketing, Sales Logistics and Production. An organisational chart also shows the level of responsibility and authority for individuals or departments, it also shows the span of control, so the number of people a person in supervising. At Mars they operate a line structure is the relationship between a senior and a subordinate at any level within the organisation. This is simple to understand so staff know exactly where they are in the structure. Managers will also have a clear understanding of the roles of people when allocating work. A centralised organisation is when decisions are made at the top of the organisation and the activities are shared out centrally. The advantage of centralisation are that the senior management is aware of how both internal external factors are likely to affect individual departments and the organisation in general. Decentralised structures are used when managers or supervisors take the authority in decisions The Mars decentralised because the head of each department has the authority to make decisions; therefore this saves time allow managers to take control of the work undertaken by their department and motivates staff because they have more responsibility. A matrix structure can be used by Mars when they are going to develop or launch a new product as it enable people from each functional area in order to complete the task. There are six types of organisational structures, which are line structures, staff structures, Functional structures, matrix structures, Centralised and De-Centralisation. 2.4b Line Structures Each unit is a microcosm of the whole. Each unit will have its own specialised staff carrying out the specialist management function. In a line structure, a company is usually organised into functional department, each headed by a senior manager, below whom is a chain of command. This shows there is a line of authority and responsibility as you go down the structure. For example, in Mars in the production department the line may pass down from production director to production manager, quality control, plant manager, process control, production supervisors and finally operatives. Each person in the line has authority of the one below. The advantages of a line structure is that it is simple to understand because staff know exactly where they are in the structure. Managers in Mars have a clear understanding of the roles of people when allocating work and spend less time monitoring work because subordinates are not distracted or confused by instructions from other sources. A well establishes line authority makes it possible for work to be delegated further down the line. Mars would use the line structure as it is simple to understand because staff know exactly where they are in the structure. The disadvantages are that it can involve a very long chain of command. Instructions may take a considerable amount of time to filter from the top and impact on the functional department, which would be a major drawback on a company in a rapidly changing market. Individuals may only respond to commands from their direct superior. The flow of information up the chain of command may take a long time, causing delays. 2.4c Staff Structures The senior management In Mars have a team of advisors to help them co-ordinate the activities of the whole organisation. A Mars member with the staff authority can provide services and advice to those in the line of authority in other departments. The training and recruitment of Human Resources management department are bound to involve other departments. Senior staff of Mars in the production department may have staff authority in the purchasing department. Mars staff in the finance department may have staff authority across all departments. Managers within Mars do not have the power or authority to control or give instructions, but rather the authority to deal with other departments and offer advice and services in relation to their problems. The advantages of staff structures are that it enables expertise and experience of specialists to be used to a greater extent across the Mars’ organisation. By having access to all areas of the business managers with staff authority can coordinate the organisations objectives and ensure a more immediate response to changes in technology or market conditions. Staff authority prevents individual departments from being too inward looking. In Mars it makes communication more efficient, without staff authority, communications between departments are a director level, and so any inter departmental communication ahs to pass up the chain of command in one department to director level and then down the other before it reaches the appropriate level. The disadvantages of a line and staff structure are that there is a risk that staff authority may diminish the authority of individuals in line management, particularly is those with staff functions acquire informal power and authority. In Mars this can lead to some subordinates becoming confused about whether they should take instructions from and be responsible to their line managers with staff authority. It can lead to clashes of personality and options. This may strain relations between staff, affecting productivity and morale. 2.4d Matrix Structures A matrix structure is an organisational structure set out as a grid, which shows the different ways an individual can be affected by authority. Here the projects need a variety of people from each functional area and there will be two managers that individual employees will have to report to. The advantages of the matrix structure are; making sure there is co-ordination between departments this is because it moves into the boundaries of each department boundary. This encourages greater flexibility and creativity, which is produced by the cross-fertilisation of knowledge and skills. It also enables lower staff to gain experience in management of a project team, which could be preparing them for promotion to become a higher manager. A disadvantage, however is that it can lead to confusion between project teams as individuals are involved in a large number of different relationships which create a complex pattern of authority and responsibility. In Mars they use a matrix structure which consists of specialist expertise who concentrate in specialist departments. Specialist staff are allocated to work on specialist projects. Project managers in Mars are responsible for completing the project calling on departmental specialise as they are needed. Promotion to higher levels of management is primarily based on technical expertise- merit or seniority. Communication chains are primarily downloaded and take the from of instructions and commands. This is an example of a Matrix structure used in Mars: Chief Executive The Mars Organisation structure is a grid showing the different ways an individual can be affected by authority. Here the projects need authority of people from each functional area and individuals will have to report to two managers. Organisational structures are divided by 1 product, 2 process, 3 customer, 4 geographical area. Division by product is when the organisation is separated by product lines. The advantage’s of a Mars matrix organisational structure is that it promotes an increased coordination between departments because it cuts across departmental boundaries-it encourages greater flexibility and creativity produced by cross fertilisation of knowledge and skills. It also allows for the involvement of relatively junior staff in Mars, giving them valuable experience in a wider field for the expression and application of their popular skills. The staff lower down the line structure can also gain valuable management development in a project team, preparing them for promotion. The involvement from specialists in other areas reduces the risks of resources being wasted on projects with no future. Matrix structures do have their disadvantages, the existence of a matrix structure in Mars and project teams can lead to confusion as individuals are involved in a large number of different relationships creating a complex pattern of authority and responsibility. A line manager may resent a subordinate receiving orders from anyone other than him or herself. 2.4e Centralised Organisations A centralised organisation is when decisions are made at the top of the organisation and the activities are carried out centrally. E.g. if a item needs to be purchased then all the purchases must go through the purchasing team. NO BODY has the authority to purchase separate items. Mars is not an example of a centralised organisation. Centralisation is where an organisation carries out its activities centrally in the business, so for example if an organisation wished to purchase equipment the purchasing department would carry it out, because no one else has the authority to do that. Most of the decisions are taken by employees at the top of the organisation and further down, they don’t need to make decisions. An advantage of centralisation is the fact that the management team is aware of how much internal and external factors effect each individual department and the organisations general, meaning decisions can be made, based on what Mars needs as a whole. 2.4f De-Centralisation Is when each department manager has the ability to organise his own services making the decision on a day to day bases for his functional area. Mars is an example of a decentralised organisation; because the authority to make decisions on many activities is put to managers and sometimes maybe even supervisors, which is what takes place in Mars. This means that each department manager has the ability to organise there own services, making the decision on a day to day basis for their functional area. 2.4g The relationship between Culture and structure and management: There is a clear relationship between the structure and the culture of the Mars’ organisation. Tall organisations tend to have a culture based on a ‘them and us’ attitude, which depends on where individuals stand in the hierarchy. There is likely to be a authoritarian culture. Mars have a tall organisational structure and also a tall hierarchal structure. The managing Director is at the top and below are seven departments. Each department is made up of a team. This means that an organisational chart shows the position of your company at a particular time- needs reviewing. It can show anomalies and efficiency- shows faults in fundamental structure. It also shows new employees and shows a broad outline of the company and where they fit in. It is also essential for the day to day planning Flat organisations tend to be more democratic, with multi directional flows of communication between organisational members, there is more likely to be a team approach. Matrix structures are more democratic than tall organisations. In the matrix people will mix with people from more than one functional area, so there is less likely to be a situation where departments become defensive of their territories. The matrix involves process teams this creates bonds between its team members and development of ideas. Hierarchical organisations are based on a top down approach which a main emphasis on communication. Centralised organisations are likely to lead a power based authoritarian structure. The centre of the organisation or team leaders will make or major dictions of the company. Distrust may be a major aspect from the centre of the organisation, people not involved or surrounded by the decision makers ill feel pushed out and unwelcome. An advantage of centralisation is the fact that the management team is aware of how much internal and external factors effect each individual department and the organisations general, meaning decisions can be made, based on what Mars needs as a whole. Decentralised organisations are most likely to be based on democratic structures teamwork and empowerment. Mars are not Delayering they are not laying people off when they want a flat organisational structure. This has not happened in Mars but this has happened in Nestle in 2002 who closed plants and made redundancies.

Definition and Examples of a Sentence Fragment

In English grammar, a fragment is a group of words that begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation point but is grammatically incomplete. Also known as a sentence fragment, a verbless sentence, and a minor sentence. Though in traditional grammar fragments are usually treated as grammatical errors (or as errors in punctuation), they are sometimes used by professional writers to create emphasis or other stylistic effects. Examples and  Observations Im home, but the house is gone. Not a sandbag, not a nail or a scrap of wire.(Tim OBrien, LZ Gator, Vietnam. The New York Times Magazine, October  2, 1994)Today I woke up half a century old. I am not ready. Too much yet to do. Too much everyday living. Too much left unsaid, unimagined.Late afternoon. The sky hunkers down, presses, like a lover, against the land. Small sounds. A far sheep, faint barking. Time to drive on, toward Strathpeffer, friends, a phone call from my father.(Judith Kitchen, Culloden, Only the Dance. University of South Carolina Press, 1994)* * *Asterisks? So soon?* * *It is a hot weather sign, the asterisk. The cicada of the typewriter, telling the long steaming noons.(E.B. White, Hot Weather. One Mans Meat, 1942)Yes, said Bond. He looked levelly at the great red face across the desk. Its a remarkable case-history. Galloping paranoia. Delusions of jealousy and persecution. Megalomaniac hatred and desire for revenge. Curiously enough, he went on conversationally , it may have something to do with your teeth. Diastema, they call it. Comes from sucking your thumb when youre a child. Yes, I expect thats what the psychologists will say when they get you into the lunatic asylum. Ogres teeth. Being bullied at school and so on. Extraordinary the effect it has on a child.(Ian Fleming, Moonraker, 1955)Departures from 22 North American gateways. Connections to over 170 European destinations. Making the world seem ever smaller.(ad for Lufthansa)A squat grey building of only thirty-four stories. Over the main entrance the words CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND CONDITIONING CENTRE, and, in a shield, the World States motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY.(Aldous Huxley, Brave New World, 1932)The hawk sailing by at 200 feet, a squirming snake in its talons. Salt in the drinking water. Salt, selenium, arsenic, radon  and radium in the water in the gravel in your bones. Water so hard it bends light, drills holes in rock and chokes up your radiator.(Edward Abbe y, Journey Home. E.P. Dutton, 1977) Creating Stylistic Effects With Fragments The sentence fragments used for their stylistic effect are not the kind that teachers mark with a marginal frag; those are usually the result of punctuation errors, often a subordinate clause punctuated as a full sentence. But experienced writers know how to use fragments deliberately and effectively —  noun phrases or verb phrases that add a detail without a full sentence and invariably call attention to themselves.(Martha Kolln, Rhetorical Grammar. Allyn and Bacon, 1999)Since the term sentence fragment carries with it a pejorative association, let me use the term minor sentence. A minor sentence is any punctuated sentence which does not contain at least one independent clause.(James Alatis, Language, Communication, and Social Meaning. Georgetown University Press, 1992) Fragments As Errors In general, it is best to avoid sentence fragments in formal and college writing. However, its important to be aware that good writers do use fragments, sparingly. [The peacock] shook itself, and the sound was like a deck of cards being shuffled in the other room. It moved forward a step. Then another step.-From Raymond Carver, Feathers (David Blakesley and Jeffrey L. Hoogeveen, The Brief Thomson Handbook. Thomson, 2008)A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence masquerading as a complete one. A sentence must contain a subject and a verb. It is a fragment if one of these elements is missing, as in the following example: Alice is busy tonight. Working on her French essay. To correct this sentence fragment, attach it to the preceding sentence and replace the period with a comma: Alice is busy tonight, working on her French essay. (Derek Soles, The Essentials of Academic Writing, 2nd ed. Wadsworth, 2010)